ScalarTraction.hpp

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// Copyright © 2020-2024 Alexandre Coderre-Chabot
//
// This file is part of Physical Quantities (PhQ), a C++ library of physical quantities, physical
// models, and units of measure for scientific computing.
//
// Physical Quantities is hosted at:
//     https://github.com/acodcha/phq
//
// Physical Quantities is licensed under the MIT License:
//     https://mit-license.org
//
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#ifndef PHQ_SCALAR_TRACTION_HPP
#define PHQ_SCALAR_TRACTION_HPP
 
#include <cstddef>
#include <functional>
#include <ostream>
 
#include "Area.hpp"
#include "DimensionalScalar.hpp"
#include "ScalarForce.hpp"
#include "Unit/Pressure.hpp"
 
namespace PhQ {
 
// Forward declaration for class PhQ::ScalarTraction.
template <typename NumericType>
class Direction;
 
// Forward declaration for class PhQ::ScalarTraction.
template <typename NumericType>
class PlanarDirection;
 
// Forward declaration for class PhQ::ScalarTraction.
template <typename NumericType>
class PlanarTraction;
 
// Forward declaration for class PhQ::ScalarTraction.
template <typename NumericType>
class Traction;
 
/// \brief Scalar traction component or magnitude of a traction vector. Traction is similar to
/// pressure; however, traction can act in any direction, whereas pressure always acts compressively
/// perpendicular to a surface. For a three-dimensional Euclidean traction vector, see
/// PhQ::Traction. For a two-dimensional Euclidean traction vector in the XY plane, see
/// PhQ::PlanarTraction.
template <typename NumericType = double>
class ScalarTraction : public DimensionalScalar<Unit::Pressure, NumericType> {
public:
  /// \brief Default constructor. Constructs a scalar traction with an uninitialized value.
  ScalarTraction() = default;
 
  /// \brief Constructor. Constructs a scalar traction with a given value expressed in a given
  /// pressure unit.
  ScalarTraction(const NumericType value, const Unit::Pressure unit)
    : DimensionalScalar<Unit::Pressure, NumericType>(value, unit) {}
 
  /// \brief Constructor. Constructs a scalar traction from a given scalar force magnitude and area
  /// using the definition of traction.
  constexpr ScalarTraction(
      const ScalarForce<NumericType>& scalar_force, const Area<NumericType>& area)
    : ScalarTraction<NumericType>(scalar_force.Value() / area.Value()) {}
 
  /// \brief Destructor. Destroys this scalar traction.
  ~ScalarTraction() noexcept = default;
 
  /// \brief Copy constructor. Constructs a scalar traction by copying another one.
  constexpr ScalarTraction(const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& other) = default;
 
  /// \brief Copy constructor. Constructs a scalar traction by copying another one.
  template <typename OtherNumericType>
  explicit constexpr ScalarTraction(const ScalarTraction<OtherNumericType>& other)
    : ScalarTraction(static_cast<NumericType>(other.Value())) {}
 
  /// \brief Move constructor. Constructs a scalar traction by moving another one.
  constexpr ScalarTraction(ScalarTraction<NumericType>&& other) noexcept = default;
 
  /// \brief Copy assignment operator. Assigns this scalar traction by copying another one.
  constexpr ScalarTraction<NumericType>& operator=(
      const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& other) = default;
 
  /// \brief Copy assignment operator. Assigns this scalar traction by copying another one.
  template <typename OtherNumericType>
  constexpr ScalarTraction<NumericType>& operator=(const ScalarTraction<OtherNumericType>& other) {
    this->value = static_cast<NumericType>(other.Value());
    return *this;
  }
 
  /// \brief Move assignment operator. Assigns this scalar traction by moving another one.
  constexpr ScalarTraction<NumericType>& operator=(
      ScalarTraction<NumericType>&& other) noexcept = default;
 
  /// \brief Statically creates a scalar traction of zero.
  [[nodiscard]] static constexpr ScalarTraction<NumericType> Zero() {
    return ScalarTraction<NumericType>{static_cast<NumericType>(0)};
  }
 
  /// \brief Statically creates a scalar traction with a given value expressed in a given pressure
  /// unit.
  template <Unit::Pressure Unit>
  [[nodiscard]] static constexpr ScalarTraction<NumericType> Create(const NumericType value) {
    return ScalarTraction<NumericType>{
      ConvertStatically<Unit::Pressure, Unit, Standard<Unit::Pressure>>(value)};
  }
 
  constexpr ScalarTraction<NumericType> operator+(const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& other) const {
    return ScalarTraction<NumericType>{this->value + other.value};
  }
 
  constexpr ScalarTraction<NumericType> operator-(const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& other) const {
    return ScalarTraction<NumericType>{this->value - other.value};
  }
 
  constexpr ScalarTraction<NumericType> operator*(const NumericType number) const {
    return ScalarTraction<NumericType>{this->value * number};
  }
 
  constexpr ScalarForce<NumericType> operator*(const Area<NumericType>& area) const {
    return ScalarForce<NumericType>{*this, area};
  }
 
  constexpr PlanarTraction<NumericType> operator*(
      const PlanarDirection<NumericType>& planar_direction) const;
 
  constexpr Traction<NumericType> operator*(const Direction<NumericType>& direction) const;
 
  constexpr ScalarTraction<NumericType> operator/(const NumericType number) const {
    return ScalarTraction<NumericType>{this->value / number};
  }
 
  constexpr NumericType operator/(const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& other) const noexcept {
    return this->value / other.value;
  }
 
  constexpr void operator+=(const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& other) noexcept {
    this->value += other.value;
  }
 
  constexpr void operator-=(const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& other) noexcept {
    this->value -= other.value;
  }
 
  constexpr void operator*=(const NumericType number) noexcept {
    this->value *= number;
  }
 
  constexpr void operator/=(const NumericType number) noexcept {
    this->value /= number;
  }
 
private:
  /// \brief Constructor. Constructs a scalar traction with a given value expressed in the standard
  /// pressure unit.
  explicit constexpr ScalarTraction(const NumericType value)
    : DimensionalScalar<Unit::Pressure, NumericType>(value) {}
 
  template <typename OtherNumericType>
  friend class PlanarTraction;
 
  template <typename OtherNumericType>
  friend class Traction;
};
 
template <typename NumericType>
inline constexpr bool operator==(
    const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& left, const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& right) noexcept {
  return left.Value() == right.Value();
}
 
template <typename NumericType>
inline constexpr bool operator!=(
    const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& left, const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& right) noexcept {
  return left.Value() != right.Value();
}
 
template <typename NumericType>
inline constexpr bool operator<(
    const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& left, const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& right) noexcept {
  return left.Value() < right.Value();
}
 
template <typename NumericType>
inline constexpr bool operator>(
    const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& left, const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& right) noexcept {
  return left.Value() > right.Value();
}
 
template <typename NumericType>
inline constexpr bool operator<=(
    const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& left, const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& right) noexcept {
  return left.Value() <= right.Value();
}
 
template <typename NumericType>
inline constexpr bool operator>=(
    const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& left, const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& right) noexcept {
  return left.Value() >= right.Value();
}
 
template <typename NumericType>
inline std::ostream& operator<<(
    std::ostream& stream, const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& static_pressure) {
  stream << static_pressure.Print();
  return stream;
}
 
template <typename NumericType>
inline constexpr ScalarTraction<NumericType> operator*(
    const NumericType number, const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& static_pressure) {
  return static_pressure * number;
}
 
template <typename NumericType>
inline constexpr Area<NumericType>::Area(const ScalarForce<NumericType>& scalar_force,
                                         const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& scalar_traction)
  : Area<NumericType>(scalar_force.Value() / scalar_traction.Value()) {}
 
template <typename NumericType>
inline constexpr ScalarForce<NumericType>::ScalarForce(
    const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& scalar_traction, const Area<NumericType>& area)
  : ScalarForce<NumericType>(scalar_traction.Value() * area.Value()) {}
 
template <typename NumericType>
inline constexpr ScalarForce<NumericType> Area<NumericType>::operator*(
    const ScalarTraction<NumericType>& scalar_traction) const {
  return ScalarForce<NumericType>{scalar_traction, *this};
}
 
}  // namespace PhQ
 
namespace std {
 
template <typename NumericType>
struct hash<PhQ::ScalarTraction<NumericType>> {
  inline size_t operator()(const PhQ::ScalarTraction<NumericType>& static_pressure) const {
    return hash<NumericType>()(static_pressure.Value());
  }
};
 
}  // namespace std
 
#endif  // PHQ_SCALAR_TRACTION_HPP